Functionalism

Explanation

Functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain order and stability. Each institution (e.g., family, education, law) performs specific functions that contribute to the overall functioning of society. This perspective emphasizes equilibrium, integration, and the ways norms and values regulate behavior. Talcott Parsons developed a prominent functionalist framework with his AGIL schema, identifying universal functions necessary for system survival: Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, and Latency. While functionalism has been critiqued for overlooking conflict and change, it remains foundational for understanding social structures and their roles.