Sociology & Criminology for a Changing World
Women, Crime and Poverty (1988) is one of the most influential works of British criminologist Pat Carlen. Based on empirical research with women in the British criminal justice system, Carlen presents a groundbreaking feminist critique that links female criminality to structural poverty, social exclusion, and gender-specific forms of control. The book is considered a key
Introduction Norms and values are foundational concepts in sociology, describing the shared rules, expectations, and moral ideals that guide behavior in society. Values explain what is considered good or desirable, while norms specify how to act in given situations. Together, they shape social order, cohesion, and cultural change. Understanding their definitions, types, and real-world examples
Homo Sociologicus. An Essay on the History, Meaning, and Critique of the Category of Social Role [Original: Homo Sociologicus. Ein Versuch zur Geschichte, Bedeutung und Kritik der Kategorie der sozialen Rolle] is one of the most concise and widely discussed contributions to role theory. First published in 1958 and revised in 1977, Ralf Dahrendorf’s essay
Talcott Parsons’ work The Social System (1951) is considered one of the key texts of sociology. In this major theoretical contribution, Parsons develops the AGIL scheme—a universal model for analyzing social systems that is still used in sociology, organizational research, and systems theory today. This article explains the theoretical foundations, the structure of social action,
With The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1956), the Canadian-American sociologist Erving Goffman published one of the most influential works of modern microsociology. The book established Goffman’s reputation as a pioneer of interaction analysis and remains a foundational text of Symbolic Interactionism. In his central thesis, Goffman describes social life as a kind of
Herbert Mead’s work Mind, Self, and Society is considered a key text of symbolic interactionism and remains one of the most influential contributions to socialization theory. Published posthumously in 1934, the book is not a classic monograph but a compilation of lecture notes that systematically present Mead’s core ideas. Academic Context Mead taught at the