Sociology & Criminology for a Changing World
The Theory of Communicative Action by Jürgen Habermas is widely regarded as one of the most ambitious sociological projects of the 20th century. Published in two volumes in 1981, it develops a comprehensive social theory that places language, communication, and rationality at its core. Habermas aims to renew Critical Theory, moving beyond purely economic or
Talcott Parsons’ work The Social System (1951) is considered one of the key texts of sociology. In this major theoretical contribution, Parsons develops the AGIL scheme—a universal model for analyzing social systems that is still used in sociology, organizational research, and systems theory today. This article explains the theoretical foundations, the structure of social action,
Émile Durkheim (1858–1917) is considered one of the founding figures of modern sociology. In his seminal work The Division of Labour in Society (De la division du travail social, 1893), he examines how social order and cohesion are maintained in complex societies. His central thesis: while traditional societies are held together by mechanical solidarity, modern
Ferdinand Tönnies’ work „Community and Society“ (1887) is considered one of the earliest and most important key texts in sociology. In this work, Tönnies introduces the fundamental distinction between two forms of social life: the traditionally rooted, emotionally bound community and the rationally calculated, purpose-driven society. This differentiation continues to influence sociological analyses of social