Sociology & Criminology for a Changing World
Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) is an evidence-based strategy that reduces crime by altering environmental conditions and increasing the perceived risks for offenders. It shifts the focus from changing offender motivation to managing the situations in which crimes occur. Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) represents a shift in criminological thinking from offender-focused explanations of crime toward a
Space & Surveillance theories examine how crime is shaped by the physical and social environments in which it occurs. Rather than locating the causes of crime solely in individual pathology or motivation, these theories analyze how spatial organization, social structures, and surveillance practices influence opportunities for crime and the distribution of criminal events in specific
Routine Activity Theory explains crime as a situational event that emerges when three elements converge in time and space: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. Key Points Routine Activity Approach (RAT) Main Proponents: Lawrence E. Cohen, Marcus Felson, Ronald V. Clarke First Published: 1979 (Cohen & Felson) Country
Social disorganization theory assumes that crime rates are constant in areas with certain environmental conditions, such as high unemployment, population fluctuation or material decay. Such conditions prevent social organization and cohesion in the neighbourhood and thus informal social control of delinquency. Once crime is widespread, criminal norms and values that compete with normative values are