Explanation
Desistance is a central concept in life-course and developmental criminology. It focuses on how and why people stop offending, especially after adolescence or early adulthood. Unlike recidivism, which measures reoffending, desistance is concerned with the long-term cessation of criminal activity, whether gradual or abrupt.
There are different forms of desistance:
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Primary desistance: A temporary break from offending.
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Secondary desistance: A change in identity and self-perception as a “non-offender.”
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Tertiary desistance: Social recognition of the individual as a reformed person.
Factors influencing desistance include maturation, employment, marriage, parenthood, and the development of pro-social bonds.
Theoretical Reference
Key theories include:
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Maruna’s Narrative Theory of Desistance (2001)
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Control theory perspectives emphasizing social ties and responsibilities