Émile Durkheim

Émile Durkheim (1858–1917) is considered one of the founding figures of modern sociology. In his seminal work The Division of Labour in Society (De la division du travail social, 1893), he examines how social order and cohesion are maintained in complex societies. His central thesis: while traditional societies are held together by mechanical solidarity, modern

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Émile Durkheim’s concept of anomie describes a condition of social disintegration that emerges during periods of profound structural change, such as industrialization and the rise of the division of labour. In such times, traditional norms and shared moral frameworks weaken, leading to a breakdown of collective consciousness. This erosion of social cohesion results in a

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