Explanation
Rational Choice Theory originates in economics but has been widely applied in sociology and criminology. It posits that individuals act in their self-interest and choose the option that provides the greatest utility or benefit. In the context of crime, this means that potential offenders weigh the expected rewards of committing a crime against the risks of being caught and punished.
The theory underpins many contemporary models of criminal behavior, especially within Classical Criminology, Situational Crime Prevention, and Routine Activity Theory. It emphasizes individual agency, decision-making, and the role of environmental factors in shaping opportunities for crime.
Theoretical Reference
Rational Choice Theory is closely associated with Gary Becker in economics and Cornish & Clarke in criminology. It builds on the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria, who emphasized rationality and deterrence in legal punishment.