Explanation
Inequality refers to systematic differences in wealth, status, education, healthcare, and political power among individuals or social groups. It can be based on class, race, gender, sexuality, age, or nationality. In criminology, inequality is a key factor in understanding crime patterns, victimization, and justice system outcomes. Marginalized groups often experience both higher rates of criminalization and reduced access to legal protections.
Theoretical Reference
Inequality is central to conflict theory, Marxist criminology, feminist theory, and critical race theory. These perspectives argue that the legal system often reflects and reinforces existing social hierarchies.