Explanation
Globalization refers to the complex and multifaceted process by which national and regional boundaries become less significant in shaping economic, social, and cultural interactions. It involves the flow of goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas across borders. Globalization affects many areas of life, including labor markets, communication, education, environmental policies, and national sovereignty. While it has led to growth and innovation, it has also been criticized for increasing inequality, cultural homogenization, and the erosion of local traditions.
Theoretical Reference
Globalization is discussed across various sociological perspectives. Anthony Giddens sees it as a fundamental transformation of time and space in modernity. Ulrich Beck interprets it through the lens of the “risk society”, while David Held and Manuel Castells emphasize its networked, political, and economic dimensions.