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Home » Glossary » Extremism

Extremism

Extremism refers to ideologies, movements, or behaviors that fundamentally reject democratic norms, pluralism, or established social and political systems.

Explanation

Extremism refers to political, religious, or ideological positions that reject core democratic principles, pluralism, or constitutional norms and often advocate radical social transformation.

Extremist ideologies may emerge across the political spectrum and can take many forms, including:

  • far-right extremism,
  • far-left extremism,
  • religious extremism,
  • ethnonationalism,
  • misogynistic extremism,
  • or conspiracy-based movements.

In criminology and security studies, extremism is often analyzed in relation to radicalization, violence, hate crime, terrorism, online communities, and ideological socialization.

Researchers emphasize that extremism develops through complex interactions between:

  • social exclusion,
  • identity crises,
  • political grievances,
  • group dynamics,
  • media environments,
  • and ideological narratives.

Contemporary debates increasingly examine how digital media and online platforms contribute to the dissemination and normalization of extremist ideas.

Theoretical Reference

Extremism is associated with radicalization research, political sociology, security studies, digital sociology, and criminological theories of violence and deviance.

Related Terms

  • Online Radicalization
  • Echo Chamber
  • Hate Crime
  • Ideology
  • Social Media
  • Violence

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