Pierre Félix Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and public intellectual whose work has left a profound impact on sociology, anthropology, education, and cultural studies. He is best known for his concepts of habitus, field, and cultural capital, which together form a relational framework for understanding social practices and power structures. Bourdieu’s empirical studies of education, taste, and class reproduction—such as in Distinction (1979)—reveal how cultural preferences and lifestyles contribute to the maintenance of social inequality. He challenged the notion of objective neutrality in academia and emphasized the reflexivity of social science. Bourdieu also examined how symbolic power operates through institutions and language, showing how domination is often maintained without physical force. His work continues to be widely used in the analysis of social stratification, cultural consumption, and political dynamics.