Socialization

Explanation

Socialization refers to the process by which people acquire the cultural knowledge and social skills needed to participate effectively in society. It involves learning the norms, values, behaviors, and roles expected in different social contexts.

Socialization begins in early childhood (primary socialization) through family, caregivers, and early education, shaping foundational values and worldviews. It continues throughout life (secondary socialization), as individuals learn new roles, adapt to changing circumstances, and join new social groups (e.g., workplaces, peer networks, professional institutions).

Through socialization, societies maintain cultural continuity and social order, but the process also allows for change and adaptation. Sociologists study socialization to understand identity formation, social integration, and the transmission of social inequality.